Efficient and Training-Free Single-Image Diffusion Models

Efficient and Training-Free Single-Image Diffusion Models

[Submitted on 3 Jun 2026]

View PDF
HTML (experimental)

Abstract:We consider the problem of generating images whose internal structure — defined by the distribution of patches across multiple scales — matches that of a single reference image. Recent approaches address this problem by training a diffusion model on a single image. But even in this setting, training is computationally expensive and requires hours of optimization. Instead, we model the image using a dataset of its patches at different scales. As this dataset is finite and the dimensionality of its patches is small, the score function for a noisy patch can be computed tractably using an optimal, closed-form denoiser, eliminating the need for neural network training. We integrate this patch-based denoiser into an efficient, training-free image diffusion model, and we describe how our method connects to classical patch-based image restoration techniques. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art generation quality and diversity compared to trained single-image diffusion models, and we demonstrate applications, including unconditional image generation, text-guided stylization, image symmetrization, and retargeting. Further, we show that our approach is compatible with latent space diffusion, and we show multiple additional acceleration techniques to achieve megapixel single-image generation in one second, and gigapixel generation in minutes.

Pile of diverse energy-efficient light bulbs showcasing an array of designs and functionalities.
Photo: tom analogicus / Pexels

Submission history

From: Haojun Qiu [view email]
[v1]
Wed, 3 Jun 2026 00:05:36 UTC (45,344 KB)

High-tech automated warehouse system featuring a green robotic arm handling blue storage crates.
Photo: Peter Xie / Pexels

Read More

Join the conversation

Your email address will not be published. Be respectful — keep it constructive.